How does living near toxic waste affect children's development and psychological
functioning, as well as that of their families? Was the Love Canal chemical
toxic waste pollution disaster just a hoax perpetrated by over-zealous environmentalists,
as some claim? For example, the 'junk science' website (I won't put
a link to here, because... the things you read there are junk) claims that
there was no evidence of harm from toxic waste at Love Canal. Find the thoughtful
answers to claims that environmentalists are out of control in this book,
"Silent
Scourge: Children, pollution, and why scientists disagree". The book covers
the behavioral and psychological effects of pollutants that we commonly encounter
in the environment, written by Colleen Moore (Professor of Psychology, University
of Wisconsin-Madison, and published by Oxford University Press).
Here's an excerpt from Chapter 6 (copyright Oxford University Press, all
rights reserved):
on Love Canal:
"The Department of Health also refused to share data or even technical summaries
of results with the Love Canal Homeowner’s Association or its consultants,
including Dr. Paigen. Even when residents sent notarized forms authorizing
the release of their health surveys and blood tests, the data were not released
(Levine, 1982, pp. 110-111; Paigen, 1982).
One expert panel of five men appointed by New York Governor
Carey (known as the Thomas Panel) recommended that all studies on Love Canal
be administered and controlled by the state government under the oversight
of a panel appointed by the governor (Levine, 1982, p. 167). This suggestion
would have helped different agencies to communicate, but it flies in the
face of science as an open enterprise in which the sifting and winnowing
of evidence is done from many different points of view.
The Thomas panel’s report became instant news, and the
conclusions are still sometimes quoted as showing that there was no evidence
of harm at Love Canal. The Thomes report concluded that there was no demonstration
of acute health effects, and that “chronic effects of hazardous waste exposure
at Love canal have neither been established nor ruled out as yet” (N.Y.D.O.H.,
1981, p. 52).
Although the Thomas report was widely quoted, it lacked
the kind of detailed references that a review of science normally includes.
Professor Levine had to obtain documents about its proceedings under Freedom
of Information requests because the panel would not send them to her directly.
Those papers, plus evidence from her correspondence with D.O.H. scientists,
indicate that the panel used verbal summaries rather than looking at the
statistics directly (Levine, 1982, pp. 159-160). Dr. Irwin Bross, Director
of Biostatistics at Roswell Park Memorial Institute, criticized the Thomas
report for failing to faithfully evaluate the data on miscarriages and birth
defects (Bross, 1980). Bross concluded that the miscarriage and birth
defect results from Love Canal had less than a one in 100 chance of occurring.
He also chided the panel for presenting opinions instead of the facts about
reproductive hazards to the residents.
Studies of Other Hazardous Waste Sites
Whether residence near a hazardous waste site is a health
hazard is still controversial. One problem is that the exact chemicals, timing,
and exposure levels of the people near toxic dumps are usually unknown. Measuring
exposure at one point in time does not necessarily reflect exposures years
earlier, or during certain sensitive periods of development. A multi-national
study in Europe examined the frequency of birth defects in proximity to (within
7 km, or 4.24 miles) hazardous waste sites, compared with births from comparable
neighborhoods in a matched control design. The results showed a dose-response
relationship between the frequency of excess birth defects and proximity
to hazardous landfill sites. Neural tube defects and hypospadias13 were most
affected by proximity to waste sites (Dolk et al., 1998).
Conflicting Moral Concerns of Residents and Government
Two conflicting moral concerns formed the center of the
battle at Love Canal. The first is injustice to the residents who were innocent
victims of chemical waste deposited years before. ..."
Click here
to read more, and to visit my page on children and pollution.
The book Silent Scourge: Children, pollution, and why scientists disagree
covers these topics.
Chapter 1 covers lead
Chapter 2 covers mercury. (contains an excellent section on the subjective
aspects of risk assessment)
Chapter 3 covers PCBs
Chapter 4 covers certain pesticides
Chapter 5 covers the effects of noise on children's development
Chapter 6 covers community pollution disasters including Chernobyl, Three
Mile Island, Love Canal
Chapter 7 the precautionary period and environmental hazard decision making
click here to be redirected to
my children and pollution web page.